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Ciallaíonn leasteaghlach, i gcomhthéacs na huchtála, teaghlach a chruthaítear nuair a phósann máthair bhreithe linbh fear nach é athair breithe an linbh nó nuair a chónaíonn sí leis, nó nuair a phósann athair breithe linbh bean nach í máthair bhreithe an linbh nó nuair a chónaíonn sé léi, agus nuair atá an leanbh ag cónaí leis an lánúin sin.

Déantar iarratais sna cásanna sin go bhféadfaidh céile/páirtí an tuismitheora breithe cearta dlíthiúla a fháil i leith an linbh in aonad an teaghlaigh. 

Cinntíonn sé sin cearta comharbais an linbh sa teaghlach freisin. 

Chun ordú uchtála a dhéanamh sna cásanna sin, tugann an tuismitheoir breithe a chearta nó a cearta dlíthiúla eisiacha i leith an linbh uathu, agus, in éineacht lena chéile/pháirtí nó lena céile/páirtí, glacann siad cearta dlíthiúla, freagracht dhlíthiúil agus caomhnóireacht dhlíthiúil i leith an linbh orthu féin.  

Ní féidir leanbh a uchtáil nuair atá 18 mbliana d’aois bainte amach aige nó aici. Bíonn tréimhse fada ama i gceist leis an bpróiseas uchtála, uaireanta, agus mar sin ba cheart iarratas a dhéanamh sula mbaineann an leanbh 16 mbliana d’aois amach.

I gcás nach caomhnóir dlíthiúil athair breithe an linbh

I gcás nach caomhnóir dlíthiúil é athair breithe an linbh, tá sé i dteideal fógra a fháil faoin iarratas ar uchtáil agus ba cheart go rachfaí i gcomhairle leis faoi. D’fhéadfadh torthaí éagsúla a bheith aige sin, lena n-áirítear:

  1. Tugtar fógra don athair breithe agus ní chuireann sé i gcoinne na huchtála.
  2. Tugtar fógra don athair breithe agus cuireann sé i gcoinne na huchtála. Seans go gcinnfidh sé iarratas a dhéanamh chuig an gCúirt Dúiche ar ordú caomhnóireachta.
  3. Sainaithnítear an t-athair breithe ach ní féidir teacht air.
  4. Ní féidir an t-athair breithe a shainaithint agus mar sin ní féidir fógra a thabhairt dó. Sa chás seo, ní mór don Údarás Uchtála ordú a fháil ón Ard-Chúirt chun cead a thabhairt ordú uchtála a dhéanamh gan dul i gcomhairle leis an athair breithe.
  5. Sna himthosca áirithe, meastar nach cuí é fógra a thabhairt don athair más eol cé hé. Sna himthosca sin, ní mór don Údarás Uchtála ordú a fháil ón Ard-Chúirt chun cead a thabhairt ordú uchtála a dhéanamh gan dul i gcomhairle leis an athair breithe.
  6. Tá an t-athair breithe éagtha. Sa chás seo, ní féidir fógra a thabhairt don athair ná dul i gcomhairle leis. Teastaíonn deimhniú báis an athar agus fianaise a nascann é leis an leanbh sular féidir dul ar aghaidh leis an iarratas.

I gcás ina bhfuil iarratas déanta chuig an gcúirt, ag na páirtithe atá ag déanamh na huchtála nó ag an Údarás Uchtála, cuirtear an t-iarratas ar uchtáil ar fionraí go dtí go mbeidh na himeachtaí cúirte tugtha chun críche. Nuair atáthar tar éis déileáil go cuí le toiliú an athar nó fógra a thabhairt don athair, is féidir dul ar aghaidh leis an iarratas. 

I gcás ina bhfuil leanbh á uchtáil nó á huchtáil ag a athair nó a hathair breithe agus bean chéile nó páirtí an athar bhreithe

I gcás ina bhfuil leanbh á uchtáil nó á huchtáil ag a athair nó a hathair breithe agus bean chéile nó páirtí an athar bhreithe, tá toiliú na máthar breithe de dhíth chun dul ar aghaidh leis an uchtáil, mar is caomhnóir dlíthiúil an linbh í.

Mura dtugann an mháthair bhreithe toiliú don uchtáil, ní féidir dul ar aghaidh leis an iarratas.

I gcás ina bhfuil an mháthair bhreithe éagtha, teastaíonn a deimhniú báis ionas gur féidir dul ar aghaidh leis an iarratas.

Treoir céim ar chéim maidir le Uchtáil Ag Leastuismitheoir

About consent

Consent to placement

Where the child's adoption is being arranged by a registered Accredited Body or Tusla, the mother, father (where he is a guardian) or other legal guardian must give initial consent or agreement to the placing of the child for adoption by that body. This may be given at any time after the birth of the child.

Consent to adoption order

The mother, father (where he is a guardian) or other legal guardian must give consent to the making of the adoption order. 

This consent may not be given until the child is at least six weeks old. It may not be given earlier than three months before the date of the application for the adoption order. 

Consent must be given in a particular format and following a particular procedure, which is set down in legislation.

Consent to the making of an adoption order may be withdrawn at any time before the making of the adoption order.

Reclaiming a child

If a mother changes her mind about adoption before the making of the adoption order and seeks to reclaim her child but the adopting parents refuse to give up the child, then it is open to her to institute legal proceedings to have custody of the child restored to her.

Dispensing with consent

In certain circumstances an application may be made to the High Court to dispense with the consent to allow the adoption order to be made. 

This includes:

  • If the Authority is satisfied that the person whose consent is required is incapable by reason of mental infirmity of giving consent
  • If the person whose consent is required cannot be found 

The High Court considers the best interests of the child before making an order.

No consent

What happens if a mother who has initially agreed to the placing of her child for adoption fails, neglects or refuses to give her consent to the making of an adoption order, or withdraws a consent already given? Then it is open to the adopting parents, if they have applied for an adoption order for the child, to apply to the High Court for an order allowing the adoption to proceed. The High Court considers the best interests of the child before making an order.

Conditions

Minimum ages

Prospective adopters must be at least 21 years of age.

Upper ages

The law does not lay down upper age limits for prospective adoptive parents.  However, age is a significant factor when assessing suitability to adopt.

Residency of adopters

Prospective adoptive parents must be habitually resident in the State.

Residency of the child

The child must be resident in the State.

Religion

If the child, the people adopting, and everyone who needs to consent don't share the same religion, then everyone consenting must be informed of the adoptive parents' religion before they give their approval.

Suitability

The Adoption Authority cannot make an adoption order unless it is satisfied that each of the adopting parents is a suitable person to have parental rights and duties in respect of the child. The adopting parents must hold a valid Declaration of Eligibility and Suitability at the time the adoption order is to be made.